Current Affairs – December 2025 (Exam-Ready Edition)

National Affairs

1. The government launched the National Urban Water Mission 2025 to modernize water distribution in 45 major cities with a five-year investment model.
2. India’s first Quantum Communication Grid between Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad became fully operational.
3. Lok Sabha passed the Digital Competition Regulation Bill 2025 aimed at regulating Big Tech dominance in digital markets.
4. The government introduced the National Cyber Security Preparedness Index to audit cybersecurity standards across states.
5. India successfully conducted the maiden test of Agni-VI (hypersonic-capable) from APJ Abdul Kalam Island.
6. The Centre approved the Green Ports Initiative covering 10 major ports for zero-emission infrastructure by 2030.
7. India’s first 6G research testbed for public use launched at IIT Madras.
8. Mizoram’s first-ever broad-gauge railway line connecting Aizawl received final safety clearance.

International Affairs

1. US President Donald Trump imposed a 25% tariff on Indian steel and aluminium as part of a wider trade retaliation strategy.
2. China unveiled the Yuan-backed CBDC settlement system for cross-border trade involving 19 countries.
3. Japan announced a 15 trillion yen defence modernisation plan, its largest ever.
4. The UN passed a resolution on global AI ethics, backed strongly by India and France.
5. Russia and Saudi Arabia agreed on a long-term oil output stabilisation roadmap under OPEC+.
6. COP30 (Belém, Brazil) adopted the Global Forest Restoration Accord targeting 400 million hectares.

Economy & Business

1. India’s GDP growth for Q2 FY26 recorded at 7.4 percent, the highest among G20 nations.
2. RBI introduced the Unified Digital Payment Limit Framework for all banks and fintech platforms.
3. SEBI approved fractional ownership for commercial real estate under regulated REIT structures.
4. Rupee stabilised at 82.6 per dollar due to strong forex inflows.
5. Make in India 2.0 attracted $14.3 billion in new FDI commitments from Apple, Tesla suppliers, and European EV firms.

Science & Technology

1. ISRO launched GSAT-25, boosting India’s secure communication capability for strategic sectors.
2. IIT-Delhi developed a nano-enzyme to slow mitochondrial ageing, a major breakthrough in geriatric science.
3. India’s indigenous AI supercomputer “Trikuta-2” crossed the 5 exaflops benchmark.
4. Scientists detected signs of possible sub-glacial freshwater lakes on the Moon through Chandrayaan-4 data.

Defence

1. The Indian Navy commissioned INS Varaha, a next-generation anti-submarine warfare corvette.
2. India and France conducted their largest-ever joint air exercise, Garuda-IX.
3. DRDO completed successful trials of the autonomous swarm-drone strike system for border security.

Sports

1. India won 18 medals at the World Indoor Athletics Championships, its best-ever tally.
2. Neeraj Chopra set a new Asian record in javelin at 91.04 metres.
3. India defeated Australia in the Test series 2-1 in December 2025.

Appointments

1. Justice Surya Kant sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India.
2. Lt. Gen. Deepak Joshi appointed as the new Vice Chief of Army Staff.
3. Nirmala Sitharaman became Chairperson of the BRICS Development Bank.

Awards & Honours

1. UNESCO honoured India’s Guru-Shishya Parampara as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
2. Dr. Ritu Arora received the 2025 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for quantum materials research.

Environment

1. India recorded a 6 percent drop in carbon intensity, the biggest single-year decline in a decade.
2. National Clean Rivers Atlas 2025 released, ranking Narmada as India’s cleanest major river.

Miscellaneous

1. World’s largest meditation event held in Hyderabad with over 1.2 million participants.
2. Goa nightclub fire incident triggered nationwide review of safety compliance in entertainment venues.
3. The government rolled out the National Road Accident Reduction Program targeting 30 percent casualty reduction by 2030.
   

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December 2025 – Current Affairs MCQs (with Answers)

1. Which mission was launched in December 2025 to modernize water infrastructure in 45 major Indian cities?

1. a) Jal Shakti Urban Plan
   b) National Urban Water Mission 2025
   c) Smart Water Grid Project
   d) Urban Renewal Water Scheme

Answer: b)

2. India’s first multi-city Quantum Communication Grid now connects which set of cities?

1. a) Delhi, Kolkata, Pune, Chennai
   b) Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad
   c) Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Jaipur
   d) Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Bengaluru

Answer: b)

3. Which bill passed in December 2025 aims to regulate digital market dominance by major tech companies?

1. a) Data Protection Enforcement Bill
   b) Digital Competition Regulation Bill 2025
   c) Online Platforms Fair Practices Bill
   d) Tech Regulation and Consumer Safety Bill

Answer: b)

4. Agni-VI tested in December 2025 is significant for being India’s first:

1. a) 1000 km cruise missile
   b) Nuclear-powered missile
   c) Hypersonic-capable long-range missile
   d) Sea-based ballistic missile

Answer: c)

5. Which country imposed a 25 percent tariff on Indian steel and aluminium in December 2025?

1. a) Japan
   b) Russia
   c) China
   d) United States

Answer: d)

6. Global Forest Restoration Accord was adopted at which climate conference?

1. a) COP28
   b) COP29
   c) COP30
   d) COP31

Answer: c)

7. India’s GDP growth for Q2 FY26 stood at:

5. a) 5.8 percent
   b) 6.1 percent
   c) 7.4 percent
   d) 8.2 percent

Answer: c)

8. GSAT-25 launched in December 2025 is primarily designed for:

1. a) Weather monitoring
   b) Secure communication for strategic sectors
   c) Navigation enhancement
   d) Disaster management

Answer: b)

9. INS Varaha, commissioned in December 2025, belongs to which category?

1. a) Amphibious assault ship
   b) Anti-submarine warfare corvette
   c) Nuclear submarine
   d) Missile destroyer

Answer: b)

10. Justice Surya Kant assumed charge as which number Chief Justice of India?

1. a) 51st
   b) 52nd
   c) 53rd
   d) 54th

Answer: c)

11. Nirmala Sitharaman was appointed as Chairperson of which international financial institution?

1. a) IMF
   b) BRICS Development Bank
   c) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
   d) World Bank

Answer: b)

12. UNESCO added which Indian cultural tradition to its Intangible Heritage list?

1. a) Martial arts of Northeast India
   b) Guru-Shishya Parampara
   c) Indian temple classical dances
   d) Traditional crafts of Rajasthan

Answer: b)

13. Which river was ranked the cleanest major river in India according to the National Clean Rivers Atlas 2025?

1. a) Ganga
   b) Narmada
   c) Yamuna
   d) Brahmaputra

Answer: b)

14. Which Indian athlete set a new Asian record in December 2025?

1. a) Hima Das
   b) Neeraj Chopra
   c) Avinash Sable
   d) Manu Bhaker

Answer: b)

15. Mizoram’s first broad-gauge railway line connects to which capital city?

1. a) Kohima
   b) Shillong
   c) Gangtok
   d) Aizawl

Answer: d)